Disclosure Information

In accordance with the ACCME Accreditation Criteria, the American College of Surgeons must ensure that anyone in a position to control the content of the educational activity (planners and speakers/authors/discussants/moderators) has disclosed all financial relationships with any commercial interest (termed by the ACCME as “ineligible companies”, defined below) held in the last 24 months (see below for definitions). Please note that first authors were required to collect and submit disclosure information on behalf all other authors/contributors, if applicable.

Ineligible company

The ACCME defines an “ineligible company” as any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services used on or consumed by patients. Providers of clinical services directly to patients are NOT included in this definition.

Financial Relationships

Relationships in which the individual benefits by receiving a salary, royalty, intellectual property rights, consulting fee, honoraria, ownership interest (e.g., stocks, stock options or other ownership interest, excluding diversified mutual funds), or other financial benefit.  Financial benefits are usually associated with roles such as employment, management position, independent contractor (including contracted research), consulting, speaking and teaching, membership on advisory committees or review panels, board membership, and other activities from which remuneration is received, or expected.  ACCME considers relationships of the person involved in the CME activity to include financial relationships of a spouse or partner.

Conflict of Interest

Circumstances create a conflict of interest when an individual has an opportunity to affect CME content about products or services of an ineligible company with which he/she has a financial relationship.

The ACCME also requires that ACS manage any reported conflict and eliminate the potential for bias during the educational activity.  Any conflicts noted below have been managed to our satisfaction. The disclosure information is intended to identify any commercial relationships and allow learners to form their own judgments. However, if you perceive a bias during the educational activity, please report it on the evaluation. 

Disclosures

The ACS/ASE Medical Student Curriculum is lead by by Marc A. de Moya, MD, FACS, and Ranjan Sudan, MD, FACS, under the aegis of the ACS Division of Education, with contributions from the following surgeon educators throughout the country.

Contributors

Abdominal Pain

• Leonard K. Welsh, MD (Section Editor and Content Author for Abdominal Pain)
• Andrew Kastenmeier, MD, FACS (Content Author for Gastroesophageal Reflux and Gastritis/Duodenitis)
• Rana Higgins, MD, FACS (Content Author for Inflammatory Bowel Disease)
• Jacob A. Quick, MD, FACS (Content Author for Enterocolitis and Genito-urinary Etiologies of Abdominal Pain)
• Loretto A. Glynn, MD, FACS (Content Author for Meckel's Diverticulitis)

Abdominal Wall and Groin Masses

• Loretto Glynn, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Dimitrios Stefanidis, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Jesse Moore, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Mary C. Santos, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Acid-Base Balance

• Marc de Moya, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Marc de Moya, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Jarone Lee, MD, MPH (Content Author)
• Daniel Dante Yeh, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)
• Jordan Bloom, MD (Content Author)

Breast Problems

• Linda M. Barney, MD, FACS, (Section Editor, Goals and Objectives Author)
• Melissa P. Roelle, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives, and Content Author)
• Laura Lazarus, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Rebecca K. Viscusi, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Fluids and Electrolytes

• Marc de Moya, MD, FACS (Section Editor) 
• Marc de Moya, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author) 
• Dana A. Stearns, MD, FACEP (Content Author)
• Danté Yeh, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Intra-Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Masses

• Loretto Glynn, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Dimitrios Stefanidis, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• John R. Martin, MD (Content Author)
• Panagiotis Kapsampelis, MD (Content Author)
• Dimitrios Stefanidis, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Brenessa Lindeman, MD (Assessment Consultant)

Jaundice

• Ranjan Sudan, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Kadiyala Ravindra, MBBS, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Kadiyala Ravindra, MBBS, FACS and Morgan Cox, MD (Content Authors)
• Romeo Ignacio, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain and Shortness of Breath

• Stephen C. Yang, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Stephen C. Yang, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Rishindra M. Reddy, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Jane M. Eggerstedt, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Non-Healing Wounds

• Marc de Moya, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Paul Montero, MD, FACS, Ho H. Phan, MD, FACS and Dimitrios Stefanidis, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Authors)
• Ho H. Phan, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Michael J. Cahalane, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Perianal Problems

• Loretto Glynn, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Gerald A. Isenberg, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Linda M. Farkas, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Carrie Y. Peterson, MD, FACS (Contributing Author)
• Mary C. Santos, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Perioperative Care

• Andre R. Campbell, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Roger Tatum, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Bruce M. Brenner, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Emil R. Petrusa, PhD (Assessment Consultant)

Postoperative Care

• Andre R. Campbell, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Rahul Anand, MD, FACS, and Niluka Wickramaratne, MD (Content Authors)
• Emil Petrusa, PhD (Assessment Consultant)

Shock

• Marc de Moya, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Noelle Saillant, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives, and Content Author)
• Nicole A. Stassen, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Skin and Soft Tissue Lesions

• Linda M. Barney, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Rebecca M. Tuttle, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Andrew S. Kastenmeier, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant

Trauma I: Initial Trauma Evaluation

• Marc de Moya, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Ara Feinstein, MD, FACS and Natasha Keric, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Authors)
• Ara Feinstein, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Mark Hamill, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Trauma II: Diagnosis and Management

• Marc A. de Moya, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Ara J. Feinstein, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Natasha Keric, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives, and Content Author)
• Charity H. Evans, MD, MHCM, FACS (Content Author)
• Mark E. Hamill, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Constipation

• Andre R. Campbell, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Andre R. Campbell, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Alan Ladd, MD, FACS (Content Author)
• Jeremy Lipman, MD, FACS (Contributing Author)
• Beth Ryder, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Communication of Bad News

• Stephen C. Yang, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Margaret J. Tarpley, MLS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Margaret J. Tarpley, MLS (Content Author)

End-of-Life Issues

• Ranjan Sudan, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Margaret J. Tarpley, MLS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Margaret J. Tarpley, MLS (Content Author)
• Romeo C. Ignacio, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)

Endocrine Disease

• Marc A. de Moya, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Abbey L. Fingeret, MD, FACS (Goals & Objectives Author)
• Abbey L. Fingeret, MD, FACS (Content Author)

Informed Consent

• Ranjan Sudan, MD, FACS (Section Editor)
• Nancy Gantt, MD, FACS (Goals and Objectives Author)
• Lauren Aalami, MD (Content Author)
• Tiffany Anderson, MD (Content Author)
• James R. Korndorffer, Jr., MD, MHPE, FACS (Content Author)
• Romeo C. Ignacio, MD, FACS (Assessment Consultant)